Several Vegetarians Are Experiencing High Cholesterol. Here's Why

But first, let’s address what vegetarians and vegans eat…

Vegetarians do not eat meat, poultry, or fish. Vegans don’t eat those products either, but they also take things a step further by avoiding all ingredients that come from animals. Vegans don’t eat eggs, dairy, honey, or any other animal products.

These are the standard definitions for each eating practice, but keep in mind that individuals may customize their plant-based diet to work for their own needs. For instance, some vegetarians choose to still eat fish. There’s simply no one-size-fits-all approach to this lifestyle.

With a diet so heavily focused on plants, fruit, and other fresh products, most people assume that the vegetarian/vegan lifestyle is ultra-healthy. So you’re probably wondering, “how can I have high cholesterol if I’m a vegan?”

It’s true that a plant-based diet is healthy for some people (2, 3, 4). But others hit several health hurdles along the way. For many people, life without dairy, eggs, or animal proteins usually requires substitute products—or prompts substitute snacking. And these substitutes can sneak in unhealthy ingredients without you noticing.

Every case is different, and you should talk to your doctor if you’re worried about your cholesterol levels. But for vegetarians or vegans with high cholesterol, the cause is often two common culprits…

1. Substitute Food Products

Dairy-free milk, imitation meat, margarine, vegan baking mixes, and other alternative products are great for filling the gaps in your diet—but many of them contain dangerous ingredients.

Many dairy-free products are loaded with unhealthy seed oils like sunflower oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, canola oil, cottonseed oil, and grape oil. These oils come with a wide range of health risks and are likely to cause inflammation (5). That inflammation may end up raising your LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and could lower your HDL (“good”) cholesterol (6, 7).

You can run into the same problem with imitation meats. They may taste good, but many soy-based meats are loaded with soybean oil, canola oil, or other vegetable oils. Which means that they can have the same effects as the dangerous oils mentioned above.

2. Highly Processed Packaged Foods

The snack aisle is tempting to everyone, whether you eat meat or not. When you eat a plant-based diet, you might become so used to checking ingredient labels for animal products that you forget to check for other unhealthy ingredients.

Many cookies, chips, condiments, and dressings have no animal products, but several do contain vegetable oil, refined sugar, and other telltale signs that they’re highly processed (ie if it has more than five ingredients).

Because of this, studies show that highly processed foods are linked to lower levels of HDL (“good”) cholesterol and many other adverse health effects (8, 9, 10).

There’s a simple way to cut down on these hidden cholesterol boosters: double and triple-check your ingredient labels. In addition to checking for animal products, scan ingredient listings for phrases that indicate the product contains vegetable oils or is highly processed.

Ingredients on the label to be wary of include the following:

• Partially hydrogenated oils
• Hydrogenated vegetable oils
• Hydrogenated oils
• Trans fats
• Corn oil
• Soybean oil
• Cottonseed oil
• Sunflower oil
• Safflower oil
• Grapeseed oil
• Canola oil
• Rapeseed oil
• Peanut oil
• Rice bran oil

This list may sound like a lot to memorize, but before you know it, you’ll recognize these ingredients in a flash.

Focus on eating vegetables, fruit, nuts, and whole foods (11). By doing so, you’ll load up on important nutrients AND dietary fiber—which is associated with healthier cholesterol levels (12). If your go-to groceries are high in unhealthy vegetable oils, swap for healthier substitutes like olive oil, avocado oil, and coconut oil.

High cholesterol can sneak up on some vegetarians and vegans, but for many, the fix is simple: check your ingredient labels! If your favorite meat and dairy alternatives are high in vegetable oils, soy, or highly processed ingredients, make the switch to healthier options. In addition to watching your ingredients, keep your cholesterol healthy by getting regular exercise, reducing your alcohol consumption, and not smoking (13, 14, 15).

And if you’re a vegan or vegetarian who chooses to still eat fish, you may want to try an omega-3 supplement like krill oil, as omega-3s have been linked to increased HDL (“good”) cholesterol levels, lower triglycerides, and better blood vessel function (16).